A Rat Is Placed in a Test Arena

question 42

Multiple Choice

A rat is placed in a test arena.When a two-second tone sounds, the rat must push a lever in the arena to prevent a mild footshock from being delivered.If the rat does not push the lever, the shock is delivered periodically until the lever is depressed.On early trials, the rat often fails to push the lever until the shock is delivered.These early trials are referred to as

• A)escape trials.
• B)punishment trials.
• C)avoidance trials.
• D)omission trials.

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Definitions:

Apparent Authority

Refers to a situation where a third party reasonably believes an agent has the authority to act on behalf of a principal, even if the agent does not have such authority.

Implied Authority

The power or right assumed to be held by a person in a position of leadership or responsibility, based on the role rather than explicitly stated.

Maverick Buyers

Individuals within an organization who make unauthorized purchases outside of agreed contracts or procurement policies, often leading to inefficiencies and increased costs.

Apparent Authority

This refers to a situation where someone seems to have the power to act on behalf of a business or an organization, even if they haven't been officially given this authority.