Read Each of the Following Essay Introductions

question 14

Multiple Choice

Read each of the following essay introductions. Select the method the writer used in each introduction. The essay below begins with a(n)
If the entire human species were a single individual, that person would long ago have been declared mad. The insanity would not lie in the anger and darkness of the human mind ⎯ though it can be a black and raging place indeed. And it certainly wouldn't lie in the transcendent goodness of that mind ⎯ one so sublime, we fold it into a larger "soul." The madness would lie instead in the fact that both of those qualities, the savage and the splendid, can exist in one creature, one person, often in one instant.

• A) surprising fact or idea.
• B) illustration.
• C) contradiction.

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Definitions:

Desired Response

The specific reaction or outcome that is aimed for or anticipated in a particular situation, experiment, or communication.

Secondary Reinforcer

An artificial or learned stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer, often used in behavior modification programs.

Operant Reinforcer

Operant Reinforcer is any stimulus which strengthens or increases the probability of a specific response by means of reward or punishment following that response.

Classical Reinforcer

An item or stimulus that increases the likelihood of a specific response by being presented after the response occurs in a conditioning process.