Read the Paragraph Below and Answer the Questions That Follow

question 27

Multiple Choice

Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow.
(1) Some seemingly harmless substances can interfere with the way medicines work inside the body. (2) Take grapefruit juice, for example. (3) It disrupts the action of enzymes that break down drugs in the small intestine before they are absorbed into the bloodstream. (4) Therefore, taking a medication with grapefruit juice may cause the drug to enter the blood in dangerously high concentrations. (5) If this happens, not only is the drug less effective, but serious side effects can result. (6) Many common medications, including antidepressants, antihistamines, and cholesterol drugs, are negatively affected by grapefruit juice.
Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph above.

• A) Sentence 1
• B) Sentence 2
• C) Sentence 6

---

Definitions:

Confounding Variable

An outside influence that changes the effect of a dependent and independent variable. This extraneous influence is used to influence the outcome of an experimental design.

Volunteer Bias

A shortcoming of findings derived from a sample of volunteers instead of a representative sample; the volunteers may differ from those who did not volunteer.

Experimenter's Bias

A form of bias introduced by the experimenter whose expectations about the outcome of the experiment can be subtly communicated to the participants.

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.