If Air Travel and Bus Travel Are Substitutes

question 76

Multiple Choice

If air travel and bus travel are substitutes,

• A) an increase in the price of bus travel will decrease the demand for air travel.
• B) a decrease in the price of bus travel will decrease the demand for air travel.
• C) an increase in the price of bus travel will generally have no effect on the demand for air travel.
• D) an increase in the price of bus travel will shift the demand curve for air travel to the left.

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Definitions:

Primary Reinforcer

A naturally reinforcing stimulus like food or water, which does not require learning to become pleasurable or desirable.

Fixed-Interval

A schedule of reinforcement where rewards are provided after a specific and constant period of time has passed.

Variable-Interval

A reinforcement schedule where a reward is given after a random period has elapsed following a response.

Fixed-Ratio

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded only after a specified number of responses, in behaviorist psychology.