For the Chapter or Unit Test, Require Candidates to Apply

question 25

Essay

For the chapter or unit test, require candidates to apply the Test Taking Strategy - PIRATES. Specifically, award points if the candidate provides evidence that he or she completed the P step - Prepare to succeed, the I step - Inspect Instructions, the R step - Read, Remember, and Reduce, the A step - Answer or Abandon, the T step - Turn Back, and the S step - Survey. DO NOT require candidates to apply the E step - Estimate. That is, they should not be forced to guess. However, if they do not know an answer, they may use this step if it helps!

Recognize the conditions and qualifications for various filing statuses, including qualifying widow(er), head of household, and dependent claims.

Calculate the standard deductions and tax liabilities for individuals based on their income and filing status.

Know the threshold for underpayment penalties and how to avoid them.

Understand the implications of early withdrawal penalties and how they can be claimed on tax returns.

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Definitions:

Total Fertility Rate

Expected number of children a woman will bear over the course of a lifetime.

Expected Number

A statistical value representing the average outcome in a series of trials or an estimate based on probability.

Human History

The recorded events, cultures, and significant developments in the life of mankind, from ancient times to the present.

Age Structure

Distribution of population members among various age categories.