The Growth of Labor Unions and the Implementation of Better

question 37

Multiple Choice

The growth of labor unions and the implementation of better working conditions in England owed a debt of gratitude to

• A) the threat of Marxism that made Parliament amend laws and individual businessmen show more concern for their workers.
• B) the example set by unions and management in the United States.
• C) the urbanization and education of more people in various countries, of which England wanted to prove itself most liberal.
• D) those individuals who, risking their jobs and in some cases their lives, were willing to work toward gaining legal acceptance of labor unions throughout Europe.
• E) the Chartist movement in England.

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Definitions:

Contribution Margin

The margin between the income from sales and the costs that vary, pointing out the contribution towards absorbing fixed charges and producing profits.

Variable Manufacturing Costs

Costs of production that fluctuate with the volume of output, including expenses like raw materials and direct labor.

Variable Selling

Costs related to selling activities that vary with sales volume, distinct from fixed sales costs.

Fixed Manufacturing Overhead

Regular, unchanging costs associated with operating a manufacturing facility, excluding variable costs, such as rent, utilities, and salaries for management.