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A key technological development that facilitated Western overseas expansion was the
Competitive Market
A market structure characterized by many buyers and sellers, free entry and exit, and products that are similar, ensuring no single entity can control prices.
Profits
The financial gain achieved when the revenues generated from business activities exceed the expenses, taxes, and costs incurred in operating the business.
Fixed Costs
Costs that do not vary with the level of production or sales, such as rent, salaries, and insurance premiums.
Economic Profits
The excess of total revenue over total costs, including both explicit and implicit costs, reflecting the financial gain in terms of opportunity costs.
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