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The most powerful conflict between Austria and Prussia in the eighteenth century was over
Primary Reinforcers
These are naturally reinforcing stimuli, such as food or water, that satisfy biological needs and do not require learning to become effective.
Secondary Reinforcers
Stimuli that do not naturally provide reinforcement but have acquired reinforcing qualities through being associated with primary reinforcers.
Tertiary Reinforcers
Stimuli that have become rewarding through their association with secondary reinforcers and are used to motivate behavior, such as money, grades, or tokens.
Skinner
B.F. Skinner, an American psychologist best known for his work in behaviorism and the development of the theory of operant conditioning.
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