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What Is the Role of the Application Layer of the OSI

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What is the role of the Application layer of the OSI reference model?


Definitions:

Extinction Contrast Effect

The phenomenon wherein the cessation of a previously reinforced behavior is accelerated when an alternative behavior continues to be reinforced.

Nonreward

A situation where an expected reward is not given, leading to extinction of the conditioned response over time.

Primary Reinforcement

Primary Reinforcement involves a stimulus that satisfies a basic survival need and is inherently reinforcing, such as food or water.

Secondary Reinforcement

A type of reinforcement that has acquired its reinforcing properties through association with primary reinforcers, such as money or praise.

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