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Once a researcher knows what decision a manager must make, it is not important to determine the alternatives involved in the decision.
Product Costs
Costs that are directly incurred in the production of goods or services, including direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead.
Period Costs
Expenses that are not directly tied to production activities and are expensed in the period they are incurred, such as administrative salaries and marketing costs.
Variable Costs
Costs that vary directly with the level of production or volume of output, such as materials and labor directly involved in production.
Contribution Margin
The amount by which sales revenue exceeds variable costs, used to cover fixed costs and contribute to profit.
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