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question 12

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Explain the relationship between national saving, domestic investment, net capital outflow, and their interaction within an open economy.

Understand how government budget deficits impact the open economy, including effects on real interest rates, domestic investment, and trade balance.

Comprehend the relationship between tax credits for investment and shifts in the demand for loanable funds and supply of dollars in the foreign-currency exchange market.

Recognize the effects of capital flight on demand for loanable funds, supply of dollars, and net capital outflows in the foreign-currency exchange market.

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Definitions:

Expected Shortfall

A risk measure that estimates the expected loss of a portfolio in the worst-case scenario of a given percentage of times.

Lower Partial Standard Deviation

A measure of the downward variation or downside risk of an asset's returns, focusing only on returns that fall below a minimum threshold or target.

Sharpe Measure

A metric used to assess the performance of an investment by adjusting for its risk.

Excess Returns

Returns earned by an asset that exceed the risk-free rate of return, indicating the additional gain from taking on risk.