Simplify the Complex Fraction

question 47

Short Answer

Simplify the complex fraction.

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Definitions:

Unconditioned Responses

Automatic, innate reactions to a stimulus that occur without prior conditioning or learning.

Conditioned Stimuli

Previously neutral stimuli that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicit a conditioned response in classical conditioning.

Unconditioned Stimuli

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that naturally triggers an automatic response without prior learning.

Higher-Order Conditioning

A conditioning process where a stimulus that's associated with a conditioned stimulus also becomes a conditioned stimulus itself.