If the First Two Statements Are True, Is the Third

question 45

Multiple Choice

If the first two statements are true, is the third statement true?
All firemen are brave.
David is not brave.
David is a fireman.

• A)yes
• B)uncertain
• C)no

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Definitions:

External Validity

The extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations or to the population at large.

Interrater Reliability

A measure of how consistently different observers or raters assess, judge, or measure the same phenomenon, giving an indication of the reliability of ratings.

Internal Validity

Refers to the extent to which a study can establish a cause-and-effect relationship between its variables, free of confounding factors.

Natural Experiment

An observational study in which individuals are exposed to different conditions that naturally occur, allowing comparisons without direct intervention by researchers.