The Pilomotor Reflex Have You Ever Experienced the Pilomotor Reflex? Chances Are That

question 259

Multiple Choice

The Pilomotor Reflex
Have you ever experienced the pilomotor reflex? Chances are that you have. The pilomotor reflex is actually something most people experience every day: goose bumps.
Goose bumps (also called goose flesh and goose pimples) are small bumps on the skin. They are created when tiny muscles beneath the hairs on your skin contract, pulling the hair into an upright position. They can occur anywhere that you have hair on your body, but they are most common on your arms and legs. Goose bumps are an involuntary reaction to many different sensations, such as cold, fear, or even happiness.
Humans are not the only animals that get goose bumps. When cats or dogs are threatened by an enemy, the pilomotor reflex will cause their fur to stand on end. This makes the animal look larger, which might scare away the enemy. Porcupines also experience the pilomotor reflex; a frightened porcupine will raise its quills when it is in danger. This not only makes the porcupine look bigger, it frightens enemies away by drawing attention to the sharp quills. The pilomotor reflex can also help animals stay warm by trapping body heat closer to their skin.
Because human beings have much less body hair than most other animals, goose bumps do not make us seem larger or more intimidating. They also do not help to keep us very warm, although they do help to prevent some heat from leaving the body. For the most part, the pilomotor reflex is much more important for animals than it is for people. In fact, many scientists think that the pilomotor reflex is actually completely useless for humans.
Question: Which of the following is NOT true of the pilomotor reflex in non-human animals?

• A)It can cause fur or quills to stand on end.
• B)It serves the important function of scaring off potential predators.
• C)It can make them appear larger than they actually are.
• D)It is used by porcupines when attacking animals larger than themselves.

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Definitions:

Temporomandibular Joint

The hinge joint that connects the lower jaw (mandible) to the temporal bone of the skull, located just in front of the ears.

Stylomandibular Ligament

A fibrous band of the cervical fascia that extends from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the angle of the mandible, acting in the limitation of excessive jaw opening.

Zygomatic Arch

The bone structure that forms the prominence of the cheek, extending from the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to the zygomatic bone.

Temporomandibular Joint

A hinge joint that connects the lower jaw (mandible) to the temporal bone of the skull, facilitating mouth movement.