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Placebos A Placebo Is Any Kind of Drug, Procedure, or Treatment

question 147

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Placebos
A placebo is any kind of drug, procedure, or treatment that does not have legitimate medicinal properties. Placebos do not contain any sort of active ingredient meant to treat an illness or injury. Placebo pills, for example, might be made out of sugar or corn starch. However, even though placebos contain no medicine whatsoever, people who take them often experience reactions that cannot possibly be triggered by the substances in the pills themselves. This is known as the placebo effect.
In one study of the placebo effect, volunteers were given a starch pill and told that it was a stimulant similar to caffeine. These volunteers reported feeling more alert and slightly jittery. They also showed an increased heart rate and a spike in blood pressure. Researchers then gave the exact same placebo pill to a different group of people, this time telling them that it was a depressant. The second group of participants reported feeling drowsy and sluggish, and showed a reduced heart rate and lowered blood pressure.
Researchers use placebos to evaluate the effectiveness and possible side effects of new drugs. For example, during a study for a drug to treat depression, half of the participants might be given the actual drug while the other half are given a placebo. None of the participants know whether or not they are taking the real drug or the placebo. Researchers can then compare the results between the two groups to determine whether or not the drug produces the desired results and examine the side effects.
Question: Which word would best replace 'triggered' in paragraph 1?

Identify the role of genetic factors in determining personality.

Differentiate between the five-factor theory of personality and other personality theories.

Explain the impact of environmental versus biological influences on personality.

Understand the concept of reciprocal determinism and its application to personality theory.

Definitions:

Operational Efficiency

The ability of an organization to minimize waste and maximize output with the least input of resources like time, money, and labor.

Public-Sector Managers

Individuals who oversee and lead government agencies, departments, or publicly owned corporations, ensuring the delivery of public services efficiently and effectively.

Bankruptcy

A legal process through which individuals or businesses unable to meet their financial obligations can seek relief from some or all of their debts.

Competition

The rivalry among businesses to sell their goods and services to consumers, driving innovation and keeping prices low.