Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia Is a Chronic Condition That Affects an Estimated 3-6

question 195

Multiple Choice

Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that affects an estimated 3-6% of the world's population. The disorder is characterized by both physiological and psychological symptoms, including nerve pain, fatigue, sleep and mood disturbances, headaches, bowel problems, and incontinence. The exact cause of fibromyalgia is unknown.
For some people, fibromyalgia symptoms begin after some sort of physical or psychological stress. However, for others, the onset of symptoms is gradual. Research has shown that genetics may play a part, but there is also evidence that environmental factors can contribute.
The wide variety of symptoms made it difficult to diagnose and treat for many years, though recent research has made some promising advances. Although a cure for fibromyalgia has not yet been developed, research has shown that some of the symptoms can be treated with pharmaceuticals, such as tricyclics or gabapentinoids, or non-pharmacological methods, such as meditation, mindfulness, and cognitive behavior therapy.
The most successful pharmacological treatment for fibromyalgia has been tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline and nortriptyline. These drugs increase the levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine, which are often found at decreased levels in the brains of people who suffer from chronic pain. By boosting endorphins and relaxing muscles, tricyclics can ease some of the musculoskeletal pain felt by people with fibromyalgia.
Question: Which of the following can be inferred from information in the passage?

• A)Fibromyalgia is more common in women than it is in men.
• B)Fibromyalgia could be triggered by difficult combat situations.
• C)Fibromyalgia is a leading cause of hospital stays.
• D)The drugs used to treat fibromyalgia have significant negative side effects.

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Definitions:

Demanding Workload

The condition of having a large amount of work to do in a limited amount of time, often leading to stress.

High Negative Affectivity

A personality trait encompassing pervasive mood states of anxiety, depression, and hostility.

External Locus of Control

A belief that one's outcomes or events in life are determined by forces outside one’s control, such as luck or other people's actions.

Workaholics

Workaholics are individuals who compulsively work long hours, well beyond what is required, often to the detriment of personal relationships and health.