Autism and Vaccines Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Are a Range of Psychological Conditions

question 249

Multiple Choice

Autism and Vaccines
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a range of psychological conditions characterized by challenges with social interaction, behavior, speech, and nonverbal communication. While there is no general consensus among medical professionals about the underlying causes of ASD, theories range from genetic inheritance to environmental factors.
One of the most controversial theories to have emerged in recent times is that ASD could be caused by the MMR [mumps, measles, rubella] vaccine that was first developed in the 1960s. The vaccine is a mixture of three live viruses and is administered via injection to children when they are one year old. By the late 1990s, this vaccination had led to the near-eradication of measles in countries that employed widespread inoculation. However, a combination of spurious scientific data and alarmist media attention led to an entirely preventable resurgence in measles cases in the early 21^st century.
The first claims of a connection between the MMR vaccine and autism were made in 1998, when an article in The Lancet, a respected British medical journal, reported on eight cases of autism that could possibly be traced back to the administration of an MMR vaccine.
An onslaught of media coverage followed the publication of this article. The popular press quickly seized upon this story; in 2002, over 1200 articles were written about the link between MMR vaccines and ASD. Less than 30% of these articles, however, mentioned that an overwhelming amount of scientific evidence suggested that these vaccinations were completely safe.
Question: What is the main idea of the passage?

• A)Incidence of the measles have increased sharply in recent years even after its near-eradication by the late 1990s.
• B)The MMR vaccine has been proven to cause the range of psychological conditions known as Autism Spectrum Disorder.
• C)Some people think that ASD is caused by the MMR vaccine, but overwhelming scientific evidence suggests that the claim is false.
• D)Autism Spectrum Disorders are a range of psychological conditions that are characterized by abnormalities in social interaction, behavior, and communication.

Understand the mechanisms involved in the transport of nutrients through cell membranes.

Recognize the unique adaptations in the digestive systems of different organisms.

Understand the various mechanisms of gas exchange in different organisms.

Identify the structures and functions related to the respiratory systems of mammals, birds, and aquatic animals.

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Definitions:

Breakeven Analysis

A technique for finding the volume at which a firm breaks even financially—that is, earns zero profit.

Volume

The quantity of an asset or security that is traded within a specified time period.

Capital Structure

The particular combination of debt and equity used by a company to finance its overall operations and growth.

Cost Structure

The mix of fixed and variable cost used by a firm.