Glowing in the Dark

question 279

Multiple Choice

Glowing in the Dark
Have you ever wondered how glow-in-the-dark things actually glow in the dark? Most glow-in-the-dark items glow because of something called phosphorescence or photoluminescence. Phosphorescent items must be "charged" under a bright light before they actually glow in the dark. This charging process works because of a substance called phosphor.
When light from the sun or a lamp hits phosphor, the phosphor molecules absorb the light and become energized. As the phosphor molecules release the stored energy, they emit a dim light that is visible in the dark. The color of the light that they produce depends on the color of the dye added to the glow-in-the-dark item. Usually, green dye is added to the phosphors to make the light easier to see. Although any color can be used, the human eye sees green light most clearly in the dark.
There are also a few glow-in-the-dark items that do not need to be charged. Emergency exit signs, gun sights, and certain kinds of expensive wristwatches glow because of radioluminescence. In these items, the phosphor is mixed with a radioactive element called tritium. The radiation from the tritium provides energy to the phosphor. It is almost as if there are thousands of tiny lamps constantly shining on the phosphor. Because their phosphor is always energized, these radioluminescent items are always glowing.
One other kind of glow-in-the-dark item that does not require charging is the glow stick. Glow sticks do not need to be held under light and do not contain any radioactive elements. Instead, glow sticks glow using chemiluminescence. Glow sticks contain a fluorescent dye and a thin glass tube that contains a chemical. To activate a glow stick, you bend the plastic container, causing the glass to break. The chemical inside the glass then mixes with the dye. The combination of the chemical and the dye produces visible light.
Question: Which of the following is true according to the passage?

• A)The radioactive element tritium found in some expensive wristwatches is hazardous to human health.
• B)Phosphorescent objects glow when certain molecules release energy that is stored within them.
• C)Some phosphorescent objects produce their own light.
• D)The energy in sunlight can cause radioluminescent objects to glow dull green.

---

Definitions:

Subliminal Stimulation

A sensory or psychological input that is below an individual's threshold for conscious perception, yet can influence thoughts or actions.

Sensory Receptors

Sensory receptors are specialized cells or nerve endings that respond to changes in the environment by sending signals to the central nervous system, enabling perception.

Bottom-up Processing

An approach to information processing that starts with the sensory input and builds up to the final representation in the brain.

Absolute Threshold

The minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time.