Simplify the Expression

question 76

Essay

Simplify the expression.

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Definitions:

Kohlberg's Moral Development

A theory proposing that moral reasoning, the basis for ethical behavior, has six identifiable developmental stages, each more adequate at responding to moral dilemmas than its predecessor.

Excessive Force

The use of force greater than what is necessary to achieve a legitimate law enforcement objective or to maintain control.

Punishment

The imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offense, often intended as a deterrent to undesirable behavior.

Peacemaking Criminology

An approach to criminology that focuses on reducing crime and violence through peaceful, cooperative strategies rather than punishment and repression.