A 68-Year-Old Man Is Evaluated for Visual Loss in the Left

question 121

Multiple Choice

A 68-year-old man is evaluated for visual loss in the left eye that resolved spontaneously within several hours.  The patient has a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and ischemic cardiomyopathy.  He has smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for the past 40 years.  Physical examination reveals a left carotid bruit but no neurologic deficits.  A carotid duplex ultrasound shows 85% stenosis of the left internal carotid artery, and carotid angiography with stenting is performed.  During the procedure, atherosclerotic debris embolize to the artery shown (red arrow) on the cerebral magnetic resonance angiograph below. Which of the following actions is most likely to be impaired in this patient?

• A)Climbing stairs
• B)Gripping
• C)Speaking
• D)Swallowing food
• E)Whistling

Understand the paradox of voting and its implications for democratic decision-making.

Analyze the concepts of median-voter model and its predictions in election outcomes.

Assess market failures and the role of government in addressing them.

Recognize the impact of subsidies and externalities on market efficiency.

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Definitions:

Competitive Price-searcher

A market condition where businesses actively seek to determine the optimal pricing of their goods or services relative to their competitors to gain market share.

Entry Barriers

Obstacles that make it difficult for new competitors to enter a market.

Average Total Cost

The total cost of production divided by the number of goods produced, encompassing both fixed and variable costs.

Competitive Price-searcher

A market condition where firms have some degree of market power, allowing them to set prices above marginal cost but still requiring them to consider competitors’ prices.