A Large Cohort Study Is Conducted to Assess the Association

question 98

Multiple Choice

A large cohort study is conducted to assess the association between smoking and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus among middle-aged Chinese men.  During 10 years of follow-up, smokers have 5 times the risk of esophageal carcinoma compared to non-smokers (relative risk = 5.0, 95% confidence interval = 2.9-7.1) .  According to the study results, what percentage of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in smokers can be attributed to smoking?

• A)25%
• B)50%
• C)70%
• D)80%
• E)90%

Understand the conceptual distinction between surface and internal anatomy.

Develop a foundational knowledge of special anatomical features relevant to medical practices such as injections, pulse taking, and examinations.

Gain familiarity with the anatomical terminology and regional names relevant to the human body.

Understand the structure and function of different types of neurons and their roles in the nervous system.

---

Definitions:

Return on Equity

A financial ratio that measures the profitability of a company in relation to the shareholder's equity.

Profit Margin

A financial metric that measures the extent to which a company or a business activity makes money, expressed as a percentage of sales revenues.

Debt-Equity Ratio

The ratio that evaluates the equity-versus-debt financing approach for company assets.