A 19-Year-Old Man with a History of Chronic Lung Problems

question 213

Multiple Choice

A 19-year-old man with a history of chronic lung problems dies due to respiratory distress after a prolonged episode of pneumonia.  Autopsy shows dilation of the bronchial tree, which extends almost to the pleural surface.  Many of the small airways are filled with mucin plugs containing abundant inflammatory cells and debris.  Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's autopsy findings?

• A)Accumulation of proteinaceous material within the alveoli
• B)Antigen-mediated aggregation of macrophages
• C)Congenital deficiency of protease inhibitor
• D)Impaired clearance of airway secretions
• E)Increased pulmonary venous pressure

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Definitions:

Ductless Glands

Glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream without using ducts, also known as endocrine glands.

Peripheral Nervous System

The part of the nervous system that consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord.

Somatic

Pertaining to or affecting the body, especially as distinct from the mind or psyche.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical substances released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, cause the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure.