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A 55-Year-Old Man Comes to the Emergency Department Due to Several

question 460

Multiple Choice

A 55-year-old man comes to the emergency department due to several weeks of productive cough with occasional hemoptysis, weight loss, and low-grade fever. He has lost 7 kg (15.4 lb) over the past 3 months. Medical history is significant for type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, and the patient works as a prison guard. Temperature is 37.8 C (100 F) , blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg, pulse is 78/min, and respirations are 18/min. Chest x-ray reveals a right apical lung infiltrate and cavitary lesion. He is placed in respiratory isolation, and appropriate empiric therapy is started. The cavitary lesions seen in this patient most likely formed through which of the following pathogenic mechanisms?

Understand the different types of sensory receptors based on the origin of stimuli and their roles in the sensory system.

Discuss the mechanisms underlying chemoreception, particularly in taste and smell.

Explain the role of the central nervous system in processing sensory information.

Understand the concept of referred pain and its implications for diagnosing internal issues.

Definitions:

Mental Illness

A broad range of conditions affecting mood, thinking, and behavior, often associated with distress or problems functioning in social, work, or family activities.

Guilty but Mentally Ill

A legal verdict stating the defendant is guilty of the crimes committed, but was mentally ill at the time of the offense.

Diminished Capacity

A legal defense argument that claims the offender was unable to fully understand or control their actions due to mental impairment or illness.

Mental Dysfunction

A broad term that refers to abnormalities in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning, often impairing daily life.