A 64-Year-Old Man Comes to the Emergency Department Due to Flank

question 422

Multiple Choice

A 64-year-old man comes to the emergency department due to flank discomfort and red urine.  He has a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Three months ago, the patient had an ischemic stroke and now has mild, residual, right-sided weakness.  Serum creatinine is 0.9 mg/dL, and serum lactate dehydrogenase is elevated.  Urine microscopy shows many red blood cells.  The findings of a CT scan of the abdomen with contrast are shown in the image below: Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?

• A)Atrial fibrillation
• B)Deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities
• C)Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
• D)Hypersensitivity interstitial nephritis
• E)Pulmonary hypertension

---

Definitions:

Hypotheses

Hypotheses suggested with minimal evidence to initiate further inquiry.

Background Research

Involves gathering and analyzing information and data relevant to a specific topic, problem, or area of interest, often as a preliminary step to a more detailed investigation.

City Ordinances

Laws, rules, or regulations enacted by local municipal governments to govern behavior and operations within their jurisdiction.

Hot Dogs

A grilled or steamed sausage served in the slit of a partially sliced bun, often with various condiments and toppings.