A 50-Year-Old Man Is Scheduled to Undergo a Colonoscopy for Routine

question 529

Multiple Choice

A 50-year-old man is scheduled to undergo a colonoscopy for routine colorectal cancer screening.  He has no abdominal pain, gross blood in the stool, constipation, change in stool caliber, or unintentional weight loss.  He also has no family history of colon cancer.  The procedure is uncomplicated, but the patient is found to have a small mucosal lesion (~1 cm) in his sigmoid colon.  The lesion is biopsied and its histology is shown in the image below. The pathogenesis of this patient's lesion most likely began with a mutation involving which of the following genes?

• A)APC
• B)DCC
• C)K-RAS
• D)MSH2
• E)p53

---

Definitions:

Income Percentage

The proportion of a person's or entity's income relative to a specific benchmark or total income, often used in financial analysis and planning.

Shadow Welfare State

A term describing indirect government social welfare policies implemented through tax breaks, subsidies, and other means not directly recognized as social welfare spending.

Tax Breaks

Governmental incentives that reduce the tax liability of individuals or businesses, encouraging certain economic activities or investments.

Tax Expenditures

Tax expenditures are government revenue losses attributed to tax provisions allowing special exclusions, exemptions, or deductions from taxable income or providing tax credits.