A 63-Year-Old Man Comes to the Emergency Department Due to a 1-Week

question 296

Multiple Choice

A 63-year-old man comes to the emergency department due to a 1-week history of progressively worsening shortness of breath and cough.  The shortness of breath is exacerbated when the patient lies flat in bed; he has to prop himself up with 3 pillows to sleep well at night.  He was treated for a myocardial infarction 2 weeks ago and had 2 stents placed in the left anterior descending artery.  The patient's other medical conditions include long-standing hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg, pulse is 92/min, and respirations are 22/min.  Pulse oximetry is 89% on room air.  Physical examination reveals bilateral crackles at the lung bases and an S3.  Which of the following is most likely present in this patient?

• A)Decreased alveolar surface tension
• B)Decreased lung compliance
• C)Increased dead space ventilation
• D)Increased functional residual capacity
• E)Left-to-right cardiac shunting

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Definitions:

Extraverts

Individuals characterized by their outgoing, sociable, and energetic behavior, often thriving in social situations and seeking stimulation from the external world.

Tasks

Specific activities or assignments that require effort or work to be completed, often used in the context of goals, productivity, or employment.

Happy

A state of well-being and contentment characterized by positive emotions ranging from pleasure to deep joy.

Introverts

Individuals who tend to be more inward-turning, focusing on their own thoughts and feelings rather than seeking out external stimulation.