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A 44-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug use came to the emergency department due to fever and chills. Multiple blood culture sets were positive for Staphylococcus aureus, and the patient was diagnosed with infective endocarditis. He was successfully treated with a long course of antibiotics. Six months later, he returns to the clinic for a follow-up evaluation. The patient has no symptoms and reports good exercise tolerance. He is afebrile, blood pressure is 140/62 mm Hg, pulse is 82/min, and respirations are 16/min. Chest auscultation reveals a decrescendo diastolic murmur over the third intercostal space along the left sternal border. Echocardiogram shows severe aortic regurgitation, likely as a sequela to the prior infection. Which of the following changes is most responsible for maintaining cardiac output in the setting of this valvular abnormality?
Consumer Purchases
Transactions involving individuals buying goods and services for personal use from producers or vendors.
GDP
Gross Domestic Product; a measure of the economic performance of a country, representing the total value of all goods and services produced over a specific time period.
National Output
The total value of all goods and services produced by a country's economy over a specific time period, often used to measure economic performance.
Expenditure Approach
A method of calculating GDP that sums up all expenditures in the economy, including consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.
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