Simplify the Complex Fraction

question 17

Multiple Choice

Simplify the complex fraction.

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Definitions:

Cage

A structure of bars or wires in which animals or birds are confined.

Confounding Variable

A variable outside of the researcher's control that can affect the results of a study, potentially leading to misleading conclusions.

Lurking

In statistics, a lurking variable is one that is not directly observed but can influence the relationship between the studied variables.

Explanatory Variable

A variable that is manipulated or observed to determine its effects on a dependent variable in an experimental or observational study.