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A 65-Year-Old Woman Comes to the Emergency Department Due to 2

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A 65-year-old woman comes to the emergency department due to 2 days of nausea and vomiting.  Her symptoms started a few hours after eating lunch, and she has since been unable to tolerate any oral intake.  The patient began to experience epigastric and retrosternal discomfort this morning, and she now has pain in all her joints and muscles.  Medical history includes hypertension; type 1 diabetes mellitus; myocardial infarction 2 years ago that was treated with coronary stenting; and severe, degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.  Medications include aspirin, atorvastatin, insulin, lisinopril, metoprolol, and morphine.
Temperature is 36.7 C (98 F) , blood pressure is 150/90 mm Hg, pulse is 94/min, and respirations are 18/min.  The patient is awake and oriented to time, place, and person.  Physical examination is significant for diaphoresis and rhinorrhea.  Abdominal examination is significant for epigastric tenderness and hyperactive bowel sounds.  ECG shows nonspecific ST-T changes.  An older ECG is not available for comparison.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's clinical presentation?


Definitions:

Theory X

A theory of management that assumes individuals are inherently lazy and will avoid work if possible, necessitating a controlling management style.

Communication Strategy

A planned approach of conveying messages to target audiences effectively and efficiently to achieve specific outcomes.

Identify And Reply

The act of recognizing a specific issue, query, or communication and providing an appropriate response or answer to it.

Spray And Pray

A communication strategy where a lot of information is dispersed to a large audience, with the hope that some of it will be relevant or taken up by the recipients.

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