Given the Traditional Understanding of "No Cruel and Unusual Punishment

question 68

Essay

Given the traditional understanding of "no cruel and unusual punishment," explain how lethal injection has been challenged as a violation of that standard.

Recognize the role of reinforcements (positive and negative) in increasing the likelihood of a behavior.

Differentiate between primary and secondary reinforcers and their use in operant conditioning.

Understand the concept of generalization and discrimination in the context of conditioning.

Understand the relationship between social class and education attainment.

---

Definitions:

Nonrival Consumption

A situation where one individual's consumption of a good does not reduce the amount available for consumption by others.

Private Goods

Goods that are excludable and rivalrous in consumption, meaning they can only be used by one person at a time.

Rival Consumption

A situation where the consumption of a good or service by one person reduces its availability for consumption by another person.

Excludable

A characteristic of a good or service that means it can be limited to only paying customers or those who meet certain criteria.