If the a Variable Has a Real Effect, _________

question 23

Multiple Choice

If the A variable has a real effect, _________.

• A) MS_columns / MS_within-cells must equal or exceed F _crit
• B) MS_rows / MS_within-cells must equal or exceed F _crit
• C) it is possible that MS_columns / MS_within-cells is less than F _crit
• D) it is possible that MS_rows / MS_within-cells is less than F _crit

---

Definitions:

Diagnostic Test

A systematic examination to determine the cause of a malfunction or disease in vehicles, computers, or biological entities.

ECM

Electronic Control Module, a term often used in automotive engineering referring to a computer that controls one or more electrical systems or subsystems in a vehicle.

Input and Output Circuits

Electrical circuits designed to receive signals (input) and deliver responses or actions (output), fundamental in electronic and control systems.

Non-Emissions DTCs

Diagnostic Trouble Codes that are not related to the vehicle's emissions system, usually indicating issues within other systems like the transmission, ABS, or airbags.