A 62-Year-Old Man with a Past Medical History of Bladder

question 599

Multiple Choice

A 62-year-old man with a past medical history of bladder cancer and recurrent hematuria comes to the emergency department after "passing out."  The patient was standing up to urinate shortly after waking when he felt dizzy.  He was able to return to his bed before losing consciousness for several minutes.  The patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) at the time of admission is shown in the Exhibit.  Which of the following most likely accounts for the observed ECG changes?

• A)Atrial fibrillation
• B)Atrial premature beats
• C)Impaired atrioventricular node conduction
• D)Impaired sinoatrial node automaticity
• E)Ventricular preexcitation

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Definitions:

Reinforcement

In the context of behavior, it refers to the process of encouraging or establishing a pattern of behavior by offering rewards or consequences.

Stress

A condition or feeling experienced when a person perceives that demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize.

Presence

The state of being present and engaged in a particular environment or moment, often emphasizing the importance of mindfulness and attentiveness.

Stress

A condition of physical, mental, or emotional discomfort caused by challenging or unfavorable situations.