A 25-Year-Old Man Is Brought to the Emergency Department Due

question 550

Multiple Choice

A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency department due to a stab wound to the chest.  The patient was returning to his parked car when he was mugged.  He tried to resist, but the assailant stabbed him once in the left chest with a switchblade.  During transport, the patient became unresponsive and required intubation.  He also received 2 L of normal saline.  Upon arrival, blood pressure is 80/42 mm Hg and pulse is 132/min.  Pulse oximetry is 98% on 60% oxygen.  Weight is 80 kg (176.4 lb) and height is 177.5 cm (5 ft 9 in) .  On physical examination, there is a fist-sized blood stain on the patient's shirt and a 3-cm linear wound in the left fifth intercostal space at the midaxillary line, with dried blood and no active external hemorrhage.  Breath sounds are diminished in the left lung and normal in the right lung.  Heart sounds are normal.  The jugular veins are flat.  The abdomen is nondistended and soft to palpation.  Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) reveals left-sided intrathoracic free fluid.  A left-sided chest tube is placed with immediate output of 2,000 mL of blood.  Which of the following is the best next step in management of this patient?

• A)Clamping the chest tube
• B)Contrast-enhanced CT scan
• C)Emergent thoracotomy
• D)Pericardiocentesis
• E)Transthoracic echocardiography
• F)Vasopressor initiation

Grasp the mechanisms of the fight or flight response and the role of the autonomic nervous system.

Understand the contributions of significant case studies to the field of neuroscience.

Understand and describe the concepts of intelligence and its different forms and theories.

Identify and explain the various assessment tools used in measuring intelligence and development across the lifespan.

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Definitions:

Chronic Arousal

A continuous state of being physiologically alert and responsive to stimuli.

Emotional Numbness

A detachment from emotional responses, often as a coping mechanism in response to trauma or stress, leading to a significant reduction in experiencing feelings.

Child Birth

The process by which a baby is born, encompassing the labor and delivery phases.

Natural Disasters

Catastrophic events caused by natural forces such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods, leading to significant damage and loss.