A 21-Year-Old Woman, Gravida 1 Para 0, at 20 Weeks

question 6

Multiple Choice

A 21-year-old woman, gravida 1 para 0, at 20 weeks gestation comes to the office for a fetal anatomy ultrasound.  Her initial prenatal visit was last week, and she has had no vaginal bleeding, contractions, or leakage of fluid.  The patient had not realized she was pregnant because her menses are irregular, typically occurring only once every 2 or 3 months.  She has no known medical conditions and takes no medications.  Blood pressure is 146/98 mm Hg and pulse is 88/min.  BMI is 30 kg/m².  Ultrasound shows a large defect in the calvaria and meninges, with only a small cerebellum and brainstem, as seen in the image below. The remainder of the fetal anatomy appears normal.  Amniotic fluid volume measures 26 cm (normal: <24 cm) .  Which of the following maternal factors is most commonly associated with this fetal anomaly?

• A)Inadequate folate intake
• B)Incomplete vaccination status
• C)Poorly controlled hypertension
• D)Undercooked meat consumption
• E)Untreated sexually transmitted infection

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Definitions:

Synesthesia

A phenomenon where a single sense is experienced as though it were being perceived by multiple senses, for example, visualizing sounds.

Clairvoyance

The supposed ability to gain information about an object, person, location, or physical event through extrasensory perception, beyond the known human senses.

Precognition

The knowledge of an event before it happens, often considered as a type of extrasensory perception.

Telepathy

The alleged exchange of information between individuals without utilizing any established human senses or physical interaction.