Use I = Increase, D = Decrease, or N = No effect, to indicate the effect on retained earnings for each of the listed transactions. 
Definitions:
Illegal Dumping
The unauthorized disposal of waste in non-designated areas, often violating environmental laws and regulations.
Toxic Chemicals
Harmful substances that can cause adverse health effects or environmental damage, ranging from household cleaners to industrial waste.
Public Duty
An obligation imposed on government entities and officials to serve and protect the general welfare of the public.
Working Papers
Documents that record audit procedures and serve as evidence for auditors' findings and opinions.
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Q226: When the service method is used for