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A study of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared the effectiveness of standard chemotherapy to a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with activity against vascular endothelial growth factor in progression-free survival (primary end point) as first-line treatment. Tumor response was significant in both groups at final follow-up (p < 0.05) . The Kaplan-Meier survival curve for overall survival is shown below. Treatment-related adverse events such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, asthenia, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and increased lipase and uric acid occurred more frequently in the TKI group than in the standard chemotherapy group (p < 0.05) . Based on the findings of this study, which of the following conclusions is justified?
Population Proportion
The fraction of members in a group that possess a particular characteristic, often expressed as a percentage of the total population.
Confidence Interval
An assortment of values, from sampled evidence, which possibly contains the value of an unknown parameter of the population.
Estimator
An estimator refers to a statistic used to estimate the value of a population parameter based on sample data.
Significance Level
The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis in a statistical test when it is actually true, typically denoted by alpha (α).
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