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A 63-Year-Old Man with a History of Locoregionally Advanced Squamous

question 332

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A 63-year-old man with a history of locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx is admitted to the hospital for cancer-related pain of the mouth and throat. The pain has slowly increased over the last several days and has limited his ability to eat and drink. The patient has felt weak and believes he is dehydrated. He was diagnosed with cancer 4 months ago and has received several cycles of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the last of which occurred a week ago. He has been told that his tumor is unresectable. On admission, temperature was 36.1 C (97 F) , blood pressure was 105/60 mm Hg, pulse was 108/min, and respirations were 12/min. BMI was 17 kg/m². Physical examination showed periorbital wasting, dry mucous membranes, and sloughing of the oral mucosa. Absolute neutrophil count was 350/mm³. The patient was admitted to a medical floor and given intravenous pain control; total parenteral nutrition was initiated via a central venous catheter for malnutrition. On day 4 of hospitalization, the patient has a temperature of 39.1 C (102.4 F) and has developed right eye pain and light sensitivity. Funduscopic examination reveals several large, glistening, off-white lesions with indistinct borders. The lesions are 3-dimensional and extend from the chorioretinal surface into the vitreous. A vitreous haze is present and visual acuity is decreased. Which of the following treatment options is likely to be of greatest benefit for this patient's condition?

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Imports

Goods and services purchased from other countries.

Services

Intangible products provided to consumers, which can include everything from legal advice to entertainment.

Producer Surplus

The difference between what producers are willing to accept for a good or service versus what they actually receive, typically represented by the area above the supply curve and below the market price.

Consumer Surplus

The variance between the amount consumers are inclined to pay for a good or service and what they actually pay.