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A 63-Year-Old Caucasian Male Is Being Evaluated for Difficulty Sleeping

question 121

Multiple Choice

A 63-year-old Caucasian male is being evaluated for difficulty sleeping and morning headaches. He has been sleeping upright for the last two months because he gets short of breath while lying flat. He has also had mild dysphagia and difficulty walking for the last six months. He denies any chest pain, palpitations, wheezing, cough, or lower extremity swelling. His blood pressure is 127/86 mmHg and heart rate is 96/min, regular in rhythm. His BMI is 27 kg/m². Physical examination reveals some lower extremity muscle atrophy and tongue fasciculations. There are minimal crackles at the right lung base. His forced vital capacity is 57% of the predicted value while upright and 42% of the predicted value while supine. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's dyspnea?

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Definitions:

Gain-Sharing Plans

Incentive programs where employees receive benefits from improvements in the company's performance, fostering a culture of collaboration and efficiency.

Cost Savings

The reduction in expenses achieved through efficient management, elimination of waste, or other means, contributing to improved financial performance.

Profit Sharing

A compensation strategy where employees receive a portion of the company's profits, aligning their interests with the financial success of the business.

Gain-Sharing

A plan that allows employees to share in cost savings or productivity gains realized by their efforts.