Two Groups of Investigators Are Interested in the Problem of Esophageal

question 149

Multiple Choice

Two groups of investigators are interested in the problem of esophageal cancer in a population that has a high prevalence of hot beverage consumption.  One group conducted study A, which showed that hot beverage consumption is associated with esophageal cancer, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.51 and a 95% confidence interval of 1.19 to 1.81.  The other group conducted study B, which demonstrated an OR of 1.46 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.95 to 1.97.  Which of the following statements is most likely true concerning the results of these 2 studies?

• A)The odds ratio estimate obtained in study A is likely not valid.
• B)The p-value for the odds ratio estimate in study B is likely < 0.05.
• C)The results of study A are not statistically significant.
• D)The sample in study B is likely poorly selected.
• E)The sample size in study B is likely too small to detect a difference.

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Definitions:

B.F. Skinner

was an American psychologist best known for his work in behaviorism and the development of the theory of operant conditioning.

Donald Meichenbaum

A prominent psychologist known for his significant contributions to cognitive behavioral therapy, particularly in the development of cognitive behavior modification techniques.

Three Cs

A principle in organizational behavior and management referring to clear communication, coordinated effort, and collaborative teamwork as keys to success; in different contexts, the meaning can vary.

Covert Behavioral Analysis

An observational method in psychology where behaviors are analyzed without the subject’s awareness.