A Group of Biomedical Researchers Developed a Diagnostic Process That

question 340

Multiple Choice

A group of biomedical researchers developed a diagnostic process that applies the same shortwave rays used in airport security scanners to distinguish cancerous skin lesions from normal skin.  The technology uses millimeter-wave radiation, which bounces off different materials with quantifiable reflectivity signatures.  The researchers found that cancerous tumors reflect more calibrated energy than normal skin; therefore, the technology identifies diseased tissue by detecting reflectivity hotspots.  A preliminary evaluation of the performance of the diagnostic tool showed that 92% of all skin tissue samples with a positive test result were cancerous, and that 99% of all skin tissue samples with a negative test result were normal.  Based on these preliminary data, which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the results?

• A)92% is the false-positive rate, and 99% is the false-negative rate
• B)92% is the positive likelihood ratio of the test, and 99% is the negative likelihood ratio of the test
• C)92% is the positive predictive value of the test, and 99% is the negative predictive value of the test
• D)92% is the sensitivity of the test, and 99% is the specificity of the test

Recognize the role of engineers and other professionals in setting standard costs.

Analyze the impact of labor rates and efficiency on production cost variances.

Understand the concept of substitution in response to changes in resource prices.

Analyze the factors influencing the demand for labor and other resources.

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Definitions:

Compliance

The act of conforming to a request or command, often used in social psychology to discuss conformity and obedience.

Conformity

The act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms, politics, or being similar to others.

Attitude Change

Attitude Change refers to the process by which an individual's feelings, beliefs, or positions on a topic are altered, often as a result of persuasion, new information, or personal experiences.

Cognitive Dissonance

The psychological unease felt when an individual simultaneously possesses conflicting beliefs, ideas, or values.