Answer the Following Questions

question 54

Multiple Choice

Answer the following questions :
-Social Gospel

• A)An idea,actually formulated not by Charles Darwin but by British philosopher and sociologist Herbert Spencer,that human society advanced through ruthless competition and the "survival of the fittest."
• B)An emerging "science" of human breeding in the late nineteenth century that argued that mentally deficient people should be prevented from reproducing.
• C)A powerful political organization of militant Protestants,which for a brief period in the 1890s counted more than two million members.In its virulent anti-Catholicism and calls for restrictions on immigrants,this group prefigured the revived Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s.
• D)A movement to renew religious faith through dedication to public welfare and social justice,reforming both society and the self through Christian service.
• E)A term adopted by Protestants,between the 1890s and the 1910s,who rejected modernism and historical interpretations of scripture and asserted the literal truth of the Bible.These protestants have historically seen secularism and religious relativism as markers of sin that will be punished by God.
• F)A movement that called for writers and artists to picture daily life as precisely and truly as possible.
• G)A movement that questioned the ideals of progress and order,rejected realism,and emphasized new cultural forms.This movement became the first great literary and artistic movement of the twentieth century and remains influential today.
• H)An 1896 Supreme Court case that ruled that racially segregated railroad cars and other public facilities,if they claimed to be "separate but equal," were permissible according to the Fourteenth Amendment.
• I)Laws that required separation of the races-especially blacks and whites-in public facilities.
• J)Introduced in Boston in 1851,this association promoted muscular Christianity,combining evangelism with athletic facilities where men could make themselves "clean and strong."
• K)Professional baseball teams formed for and by black players,after the main national leagues began to exclude all African American players in the 1890s.Enduring until the desegregation of baseball after World War II,this league enabled black men to showcase athletic ability and race pride,but their working conditions and wages were far less than those of players in the white leagues.
• L)An organization founded in 1892 that was dedicated to the enjoyment and preservation of America's great mountains (including the Sierra Nevadas)and wilderness environments.Encouraged by such groups,national and state governments began to set aside more public lands for preservation and recreation.
• M)A federal agency founded in 1916 that provided comprehensive oversight of the growing system of national parks.
• N)A 1906 act that allowed the U.S.president to use executive powers to set aside,as national monuments,sites of great environmental or cultural significance.Theodore Roosevelt,the first president to invoke the act's powers,used them to preserve the Grand Canyon.
• O)An 1873 law that prohibited circulation of "obscene literature," defined as including most information on sex,reproduction,and birth control.
• P)An 1895 address by Booker T.Washington that urged whites and African Americans to work together for the progress of all.Delivered at the Cotton States Exposition in Atlanta,the speech was widely interpreted as approving racial segregation.
• Q)The belief that women should contribute to civic and political life through their special talents as mothers,Christians,and moral guides.those who practiced this belief put this ideology into action by creating dozens of social reform organizations.
• R)An organization advocating the prohibition of liquor that spread rapidly after 1879,when the charismatic Frances Willard became its leader.Advocating suffrage and a host of reform activities,it launched tens of thousands of women into public life and was the first nationwide organization to identify and condemn domestic violence.
• S)An organization created in 1896 by African American women to provide community support.Through its local clubs,the organization arranged for the care of orphans,founded homes for the elderly,advocated temperance,and undertook public health campaigns.
• T)Women's suffrage organization created in 1890.Up to national ratification of suffrage in 1920,this organization played a central role in campaigning for women's right to vote.
• U)The ideology that women should enter the public sphere not only to work on behalf of others,but also for their own equal rights and advancement.People practicing this ideology moved beyond advocacy of women's voting rights to seek greater autonomy in professional careers,property rights,and personal relationships.

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Definitions:

U.S. Income Tax

A tax levied by the federal government of the United States on the annual income of individuals, corporations, trusts, and other legal entities.

Cradle-to-Grave Security

refers to a system of comprehensive social welfare policies designed to provide individuals with protection and support from childhood through old age.

Socialist

An advocate or supporter of socialism, a political and economic theory advocating for the ownership and control of the means of production by the community as a whole.

Price Mechanism

The process by which prices rise or fall as a result of changes in supply and demand, guiding the allocation of resources in a market economy.