You Discover a Subterranean River in the Outback of Australia

question 23

Multiple Choice

You discover a subterranean river in the outback of Australia and estimate that it is at least 50 million years old.You gather a crew of scientists to perform traditional species sampling of the river as well as modern techniques to calculate microbial diversity.The results indicate that the river is extremely diverse - you even get to name a new species of shrimp after yourself! During one of your many interviews,you are asked to explain the high diversity of the subterranean river.What hypothesis would you most likely cite?

• A)The time hypothesis.
• B)The area hypothesis.
• C)The productivity hypothesis.
• D)The diversity-stability hypothesis.

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A process in operant conditioning where a response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus.

Spontaneous Recovery

The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a pause, without further conditioning.

Classical Conditioning

A training technique involving the recurrent pairing of two stimuli, leading to a reaction initially provoked by the second stimulus being ultimately provoked by just the first stimulus.

Cognitive Psychologists

Professionals who study mental processes such as "attention, language use, memory, perception, problem-solving, creativity, and thinking."