A contingency is an uncertain circumstance involving a potential gain or loss that will not be resolved until some future event occurs. The following table lists the possible outcomes of a contingency. Complete the table by filling in the definition and required accounting for each possible outcome.
Definitions:
Negative Reinforcement
A behavioral psychology concept where the removal or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus strengthens a behavior or makes it more likely to occur.
Punishment by Removal
Punishment by Removal involves decreasing the likelihood of a behavior by removing a desirable stimulus or positive condition following the behavior.
Punishment by Application
A behavioral control technique involving the introduction of an adverse stimulus following an undesired behavior, aiming to decrease that behavior's occurrence.
Maternal Risk Factors
Conditions or behaviors by the mother that can negatively affect pregnancy outcomes, infant health, or both.
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