A 60-Year-Old Man Is Brought to the ER Due to Shortenss

question 202

Multiple Choice

A 60-year-old man is brought to the ER due to shortenss of breath after an exertional exercise. He has no associated cough or wheezing. he has a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus and takes his medication regularly. His father died due to myocardial infarction. ECG, chest x-ray, exercise stress test, and echocardiogram are obtained to evaluate his symptoms.  He subsequently undergoes right and left cardiac catheterization, and the results are as follows: Arteial blood oxygen content 20 mL O₂/ 100 mL blood
Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure 12 mmHg
Left ventricular diastolic pressure 10 mmHg
Mean right arterial pressure 4 mmHg
Venous blood oxygen content 15 mL O₂/ 100 mL blood
What additional information is necessary to calculate cardiac output in this patient?

• A)Arteriovenous difference in oxygen content
• B)Oxygen-binding capacity of hemoglobin
• C)Percentage of hemoglobin saturation
• D)Rate of oxygen consumption
• E)Respiratory quotient

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Definitions:

GDP

Gross Domestic Product, the total value of all goods and services produced within a country over a specified period.

MPC

The marginal propensity to consume, which measures the portion of additional income that an individual spends on consumption instead of saving.

Multiplier

In macroeconomics, a factor that quantifies the effect of an initial change in the economy (such as investment or spending) on the total level of economic activity.

Automatic Stabilizers

Economic policies and programs designed to offset fluctuations in a nation's economic activity without additional government action.