A 60-Year-Old Man Comes to the Physician Because of a 2-Year

question 291

Multiple Choice

A 60-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-year history of gradually worsening shortness of breath. He smoked half a pack of cigarettes daily for 10 years but stopped 8 years ago. His pulse is 72/min, blood pressure is 135/75 mm Hg, and respirations are 20/min. Examination shows an increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest. Diminished breath sounds are heard on auscultation of the chest. Chest radiography reveals flattened hemidiaphragms, increased radiolucency of the lungs, and a long, narrow heart shadow. Which of the following parameters is most likely to be increased in this patient?

• A)Carbon monoxide diffusion capacity
• B)Expiratory flow rates
• C)Forced vital capacity
• D)Functional residual capacity
• E)Lung elastic recoil

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Definitions:

Multiplier

An economic factor that quantifies the effect of investment, government spending, or other economic activities on the overall economy, often leading to a magnified impact.

Marginal Propensity To Save

The fraction of an increase in income that is saved rather than spent on consumption.

Recessionary Periods

Times characterized by a significant decline in economic activity across the economy, lasting more than a few months, typically visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales.

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The income that is gained by governments through taxation, which is used to fund public services and government obligations.