Hirokawa and Gouran Are Particularly Wary Of

question 23

Multiple Choice

Hirokawa and Gouran are particularly wary of:

• A) over rationalizing the decision-making process.
• B) neglecting the historical and institutional functions.
• C) gut feelings unsupported by reasonable evidence.
• D) groups whose tasks have positive biases.

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Definitions:

Free

Referring to something that is provided without charge or cost.

Isomorphism

The process by which organizations in a particular field become increasingly similar over time in terms of structure, processes, and strategies, often due to regulatory, cultural, or competitive pressures.

Institutional Theory

A theory on the deeper, more resilient aspects of social structure that considers the processes by which structures, including schemas, rules, norms, and routines, become established as authoritative guidelines for social behavior.

Goal Displacement

A phenomenon where the original objectives of an entity or project are overshadowed by new, sometimes unrelated goals over time.