A Patient with Decompensated Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

question 16

Multiple Choice

A patient with decompensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction has edema and shortness of breath. The patient has hyponatremia. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the hyponatremia?

• A) Coexisting high triglycerides
• B) Antidiuretic hormone imbalances
• C) Thirst mechanism is impaired, leading to reduction in sodium intake
• D) An excess of water is retained, causing a dilutional hyponatremia

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Definitions:

Sex Differences

Variations in characteristics or behaviors that are typically associated with being male or female, often studied in biological, psychological, and sociological contexts.

Sexuality

The way in which individuals experience and express themselves as sexual beings, encompassing identities, orientations, practices, and relationships.

Spatial Ability

The ability to comprehend, think logically, and recall how objects or spaces relate to each other spatially.

Puberty

The phase in human development during which children mature sexually and become capable of reproduction.