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As an Epidemiologist, You Are Going to Investigate the Effect

question 12

Multiple Choice

As an epidemiologist, you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing malformations in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women during the course of their pregnancies. As your sample you will use the next 200 single births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth, a medication history will be taken from the new mother and from her doctor; in addition, you will review medical records to verify use of the drug. (Note: These mothers are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during pregnancy.) The resultant data are: Forty mothers took the suspected drug during their pregnancies. Of these mothers, 35 delivered malformed infants. In addition, 10 other infants were born with malfunctions.
The number of individuals who both did not take the drug and did not give birth to infants who were malformed was:

Definitions:

Inadequate Training

A situation where employees have not been provided sufficient or appropriate training to perform their jobs effectively.

Central Limit Theorem

The theoretical foundation for \(\overline{x}\)-charts, which states that regardless of the distribution of the population of all parts or services, the x distribution tends to follow a normal curve as the number of samples increases.

Normal Distribution

A probability distribution that is symmetric around the mean, showing that data near the mean are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean.

P-chart

is a statistical tool used in quality control to monitor the proportion of defectives in a process and determine if that process is in a state of control.