In a Study to Determine the Incidence of a Chronic

question 3

Multiple Choice

In a study to determine the incidence of a chronic disease, 150 people were examined at the end of a three-year period. Twelve cases were found, giving a cumulative risk of 8%. Fifty other members of the initial cohort could not be examined; 20 of these 50 could not be examined because they died. Which source of bias may have affected the study?

• A) Information bias: interviewer/abstractor bias
• B) Hawthorne effect
• C) Selection bias: survival bias
• D) Information bias: recall bias

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Definitions:

Empirical Reasoning

The process of reasoning or making inferences based on observation or experience rather than purely theoretical or logical methods.

Critical Thinking

The process of analyzing and evaluating information or arguments in a logical and systematic manner to ensure reasoned conclusions.

Justify Cheating

The process of providing reasons or arguments to defend or rationalize dishonest behaviors, such as cheating.

Narrative Analyses

The method of examining and interpreting the structure and elements of stories and narratives to understand deeper meanings and implications.