You Are Investigating the Role of Physical Activity in Heart

question 8

Multiple Choice

You are investigating the role of physical activity in heart disease and suggest that physical activity protects against having a heart attack. While presenting these data to your colleagues, someone asks if you have thought about confounders such as factor X. This factor X could have confounded your interpretation of the data if it:

• A) is a factor for some other disease, but not heart disease.
• B) is a factor associated with physical activity and heart disease.
• C) is a part of the pathway by which physical activity affects heart disease.
• D) has caused a lack of follow-up of test subjects.

Understand the conceptual and practical differences between experimental and observational studies.

Comprehend the concept of a cohort effect and its implications on research validity.

Design and evaluate both cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs, specifically in the context of social policies like Head Start.

Grasp the nature-versus-nurture controversy and its significance in developmental psychology.

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Definitions:

Xanax

A prescription medication, generically known as alprazolam, used to treat anxiety and panic disorders.

Ativan

A medication primarily used to treat anxiety disorders, known generically as lorazepam.

Double-blind Studies

Experimental procedures in which neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving a particular treatment, used to eliminate bias in research results.

Placebo Effect

The placebo effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals experience a perceived improvement in their condition or symptoms after receiving a treatment that has no therapeutic effect.